01Usually fixed
Design & approvals
The work before the build: design taken to approval, engineering, and the reports your site needs. Some of it is carried by the builder, some you pay directly.
Usually covers- Architect or building designer, taken through to approval
- Design carried as an allowance to a defined scope (hourly rate if it grows)
- Structural and hydraulic engineering
- Site reports the build needs: survey, BASIX, stormwater
- Home warranty insurance (HBCF)
Usually not included, you pay- Private certifier (you engage and pay directly, it must be independent; can be included on some projects)
- Council and authority fees, contributions and the long service levy (never part of the construction price)
- Special reports your site may need: arborist, bushfire, acoustic, heritage, ecology or a town planner
Questions to ask- Is the design fee an allowance to a defined scope, and what is the hourly rate if it goes beyond that?
- Do I engage and pay the private certifier directly, or is it included?
- Are council and authority fees, contributions and the long service levy excluded?
- Which special reports might my site need, and are they allowed for?
- Who coordinates the consultants if their drawings clash?
Back to the planner ↑02Usually fixed
Structure & envelope
The big, should-be-fixed items: frame, roof, walls and windows to lock-up. The slab and steel sit here too, but are usually carried as provisional with agreed rates.
Usually covers- Slab, footings and structural steel (provisional, with agreed rates)
- Wall and roof framing
- Roof covering, gutters and fascia
- External walls, cladding or render
- Windows and external doors to lock-up (allowance with a written specification)
Questions to ask- Is the envelope a fixed price, or are parts of it provisional?
- Are the slab, piers and structural steel carried at agreed rates, or padded as fixed?
- What window and glazing specification is allowed for?
- Is retaining priced here, or under site costs?
- What is specifically excluded from getting to lock-up?
Back to the planner ↑03Usually allowances
Internal fit-out & finishes
The part you live with daily: joinery, stone, tiles, floors, bathrooms, lighting and appliances.
Usually covers- Kitchen, pantry and laundry joinery
- Wardrobes and built-in cabinetry
- Stone benchtops and splashbacks
- Tiling, flooring and paint
- Bathroom fixtures, tapware and lighting
- Appliances
Questions to ask- Are the kitchen, bathrooms, tiling and flooring fixed selections, or allowances?
- Can I see each allowance value in writing?
- What fixture and appliance tier do the allowances assume?
- What happens to the price if I select above an allowance?
Back to the planner ↑The systems running through the home: electrical, plumbing, heating and cooling.
Usually covers- Electrical mains, rough-in and fit-off
- Plumbing and drainage
- Heating and cooling (split or ducted)
- Hot water system
- Gas fitting and compliance
Usually not included, you pay- Authority connection and establishment fees
- Service runs beyond the standard distance (if water, sewer or power are not at the boundary)
- On-site stormwater detention (OSD) tank
- Gas appliances and connection to the gas main
- Pole or meter relocation, and rock excavation in service trenches
Questions to ask- Are connections priced only to the boundary, and what happens if a service is across the street?
- Are authority connection and establishment fees included?
- How many power points, circuits and lighting points are allowed?
- Is air conditioning ducted or split, and how many zones?
- What hot water system is allowed for?
Back to the planner ↑05Provisional sum
Site costs
Everything the block itself demands, usually provisional until the ground is tested.
Usually covers- Cut, fill and soil removal
- Piering for reactive soil or rock
- Retaining walls
- Stormwater and on-site detention (OSD)
- Boundary fencing and tree removal
Questions to ask- Is sitework fixed or provisional, and based on what assumptions?
- Has a geotechnical report informed the footings and piering?
- Is on-site stormwater detention (OSD) required on my block?
- Are pier, rock and soil-removal rates agreed up front, so a change is charged at a known rate rather than padded into the price?
Back to the planner ↑06Excluded, budget allowance
Demolition
Clearing an existing home before the new build can start. Usually excluded from the build price, but shown as a budgeting allowance so your total project number stays realistic.
Usually covers- Demolition of the existing home
- Asbestos identification and removal
- Power, water, gas and sewer disconnections
- Site clearing and disposal
Questions to ask- Is demolition excluded from the build price, and is a budgeting allowance shown so my total project cost is realistic?
- Is asbestos handling and disposal allowed for, and is a report required first?
- Who disconnects the services, and is it priced?
Back to the planner ↑07Often separate / your scope
Landscape
The outdoor finishing, almost always separate or your own scope.
Usually covers- Turf, gardens and planting
- Boundary and feature fencing
- Swimming pool and surrounds
- Pergola, deck or cabana
- Outdoor kitchen and lighting
Questions to ask- Is any landscaping in the build price, or all by others?
- If I want a pool, is it a separate trade and contract?
- Who is responsible for pool fencing compliance and certification?
Back to the planner ↑08Often separate / your scope
Driveway & walkways
Getting to and around the home, often excluded or carried as an allowance.
Usually covers- Driveway and hardstand
- Paths and paving
- Council vehicle crossing (crossover)
- Edging and surface drainage
Questions to ask- Is the driveway and council crossover included, or excluded?
- What finish and area does any allowance assume?
- Who applies and pays for the council crossing approval?
Back to the planner ↑09Often separate / your scope
Solar & battery
Energy systems, commonly added as an option or after handover.
Usually covers- Solar PV panels and inverter
- Home battery storage
- EV charger provision
- Switchboard and metering changes
Questions to ask- Is solar or battery included, or added later?
- What system size and battery capacity is assumed?
- Is the home wired EV-ready and battery-ready?
Back to the planner ↑